Cache structure for formatted timestamps based on seconds.

The cache consists of entries for a consecutive range of seconds. The length of the range is configurable. It is implemented based on a cyclic buffer. New entries shift the range.

There is one cache for the CLF format (the access log standard format) and a HashMap of caches for additional formats used by SimpleDateFormat.

Although the cache supports specifying a locale when retrieving a formatted timestamp, each format will always use the locale given when the format was first used. New locales can only be used for new formats. The CLF format will always be formatted using the locale en_US.

The cache is not threadsafe. It can be used without synchronization via thread local instances, or with synchronization as a global cache.

The cache can be created with a parent cache to build a cache hierarchy. Access to the parent cache is threadsafe.

This class uses a small thread local first level cache and a bigger synchronized global second level cache.